Computing Concepts

Inside Operating Systems: How Modern Kernels Manage Resources When you run apps, the kernel quietly coordinates CPU time, memory pages, disk input and output, and network traffic. Modern kernels aim to keep programs responsive, use hardware efficiently, and protect the system from crashes. They do this with a set of rules and tricks that happen mostly out of sight. How the CPU is shared The kernel uses a scheduler to decide which task runs next. It places tasks in run queues and gives them small time slices. If a task finishes its slice or waits for something, another task takes its turn. Most kernels use a mix of fair scheduling, priority hints, and sometimes random checks to avoid stuck processes. The goal is simple: keep interactive apps smooth while still giving background work a fair share of CPU time. ...

Inside Operating Systems Scheduling Memory and Interfaces Modern operating systems manage three core tasks at once: scheduling CPU time, organizing memory, and providing clean interfaces for software to talk to hardware. Together they determine how responsive a system feels and how stable it remains under load. CPU scheduling decides which process runs next. The kernel keeps a ready queue and uses rules to pick the next task. Simple schemes like FCFS are predictable but can cause long waits. Time slicing, or Round Robin, helps keep interactive apps responsive by sharing short quotas. ...

Operating Systems: Scheduling, Memory, and I/O Operating systems coordinate the work of a computer by three core areas: scheduling, memory management, and I/O. Scheduling decides which process runs next on the CPU, memory keeps data and code ready for fast access, and I/O moves data between the computer and devices. A clear design in these areas helps apps feel fast and responsive for users and programs alike. Scheduling CPU scheduling chooses the next task from the ready queue and assigns the CPU. Simple policies work well in different settings: ...