Frontend Engineering

Web Servers and Performance: Fast, Reliable Frontends Fast, reliable frontends start with solid web server behavior and smart content delivery. Even small delays in the first byte or in loading a critical asset can shake user trust and harm search rankings. This article gives practical steps to improve speed and reliability for modern sites and apps. Start with the right transport and protocol. Use HTTP/2 or HTTP/3 if your host supports them, keep connections alive, and minimize the time your server spends handling each request. Simple tuning, such as balanced worker processes and sensible timeouts, can shave precious milliseconds from the real user experience. ...

Micro-Frontend Architecture: Benefits and Pitfalls Micro-frontends split a large frontend into smaller, independently deployable parts. Each part is owned by a team and can be built with its own tooling. At runtime, a shell app stitches these parts together into one experience. This approach fits large products with several teams and ongoing feature work. Benefits include faster delivery cycles, since teams ship their modules without waiting for a single release. Different modules can use different frameworks or libraries if needed, helping teams pick what fits best. The fault boundary is clearer, so a problem in one module is less likely to crash the whole app. Ownership becomes more focused, and new features can be added without rewriting the entire UI. ...

Micro-Frontend Architectures for Large Teams Large frontend teams often struggle with pace and consistency. Micro-frontends offer a way to split the work by feature or domain, so teams can ship independently while keeping a cohesive user experience. The idea is to break a big app into smaller, self-contained pieces that are built and tested by the owning team. Each piece is a micro-frontend that runs inside a shell application. The shell handles routing, authentication, and shared UI concerns. Teams publish their modules as remote components, with clear contracts for data and events. When a user navigates, the shell loads the relevant module at runtime, keeping performance in mind. ...

Building Scalable Frontend Architectures As products grow, the frontend must adapt without becoming tangled. Scalable architectures help teams ship faster, stay consistent, and reduce bugs. The core idea is to separate concerns, reuse well-made parts, and govern how changes spread. Principles Design systems and tokens ensure visual consistency across teams. Loose coupling with stable contracts between modules and components. Incremental adoption: start with a shared library, not a big rewrite. Clear governance: decide owners, contribution rules, and testing standards. Practical Patterns Design system and component library: tokens, documentation, and live examples keep UI aligned. Modular features and contracts: each piece has a clear API and minimal dependencies. State and data flow: define the scope of state, use layered state management, and avoid large, hidden stores. Performance and accessibility: code-splitting, lazy loading, caching, and accessible markup reduce friction. Getting started Inventory existing components and patterns; map reusable pieces. Build a design system: tokens, typography, color, spacing; create a shared component library. Set up tooling: TypeScript, ESLint, Prettier, tests; consider a monorepo where it helps. Create a migration plan: tackle one product area at a time; measure UX and build time. Example: a Button component reads its color and size from a shared theme and exposes a simple API for parents. This avoids repeating CSS and makes updates easy across pages. ...