Communication Protocols in the Internet Era
Communication Protocols in the Internet Era The language of the Internet is a set of rules. Protocols tell devices how to move data, how to ask for a page, and how to respond when something goes wrong. They make communication predictable, even when billions of devices share many networks. What is a protocol? A protocol is a shared rulebook. It tells the sender when to start, how to send data, how to check for errors, and how to finish. In practice, protocols are layered: a transport rule moves data, a routing rule guides the path, and a service rule defines the content you request. Protocols are published by organizations like IETF and W3C, and they evolve to meet new needs. They also define how devices talk in the same language, from phones to servers. ...