Standards

Blockchain Interoperability and Standards Blockchain interoperability means that different networks can exchange value and share data without friction. Standards are the agreed rules that make this possible. With a common language and clear checks, developers can build apps that run on multiple chains, and users get a smoother, more reliable experience. To achieve interoperability, teams rely on several approaches: Cross-chain messaging protocols that carry data between ecosystems Bridges that move tokens and prove ownership across networks Adapters and middleware that translate data formats for a target chain On the standards side, formal bodies and industry groups create guidelines. ISO/TC 307 covers blockchain governance and risk topics. The W3C develops verifiable credentials and related data models to support identity and data sharing. Common formats like JSON and CBOR keep messages predictable, while well-defined event schemas and API contracts reduce surprises when a chain updates. ...

Digital Accessibility Standards and Guidelines Digital accessibility means that everyone can perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with digital content. It helps people with disabilities, but it also benefits older users, people on mobile devices, and those with slower connections. When content is accessible, more people can access your ideas and services, which broadens your reach and reduces friction. Several standards guide accessibility. The most used is WCAG, the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. They group rules into four principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust (POUR). Many countries also have laws, like Section 508 in the US or EN 301-549 in Europe. Conformance levels are A, AA, or AAA. Following WCAG helps you reach a wide audience and makes compliance easier across sites and apps. ...

Interoperability Standards in Computing Interoperability standards are the agreed rules that let software, systems, and devices share data and work together. When teams use common formats and interfaces, apps can exchange information without custom glue. This reduces errors and speeds up development. Common areas include data formats, communication protocols, and API design. Data formats such as JSON and XML let programs understand data in the same way. Protocols like HTTP and messaging patterns such as MQTT or AMQP define how messages travel. API conventions, REST or GraphQL, help developers access services consistently. Open standards promote broad support and easier integration across vendors. ...

Industrial IoT Standards Security and Use Cases Industrial IoT connects sensors, machines, and business apps. Standards help teams speak the same language, assess risk, and prove security across sites and suppliers. Key standards cover security at every layer—from hardware and networks to cloud services. They guide how to design devices, how to manage access, and how to respond to incidents in real time. How standards guide IIoT security The IEC 62443 family is widely used in factories. It defines roles, security levels, and a lifecycle approach for devices and networks. ISO/IEC 27001 offers a broad framework for information security management, while the NIST CSF helps align security work with business risk. In practice, teams map assets, define access controls, and adopt secure coding and testing. For communication, OPC UA with built‑in security and MQTT over TLS are common choices over plain text. These standards help ensure a consistent baseline across diverse vendors and locations. ...