Technology Essentials

Networking Basics That Power Today’s Connected World In our daily life, many devices talk to each other. Laptops, phones, smart TVs, and sensors all share data. Understanding the basics helps you build a reliable home network, fix problems faster, and stay secure online. OSI and how data moves Think of communication as a stack of steps. The OSI model helps you picture this flow with seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. In plain terms: ...

Latency, Bandwidth, and Quality of Service Explained Latency is the delay between sending and receiving. It includes several steps: the time for a signal to travel across cables, plus the time devices take to process and queue packets. On most networks, latency is measured in milliseconds and is felt as lag in video calls or online games. Bandwidth describes how much data can move per second. Think of it as the width of a road. A higher bandwidth means more data can travel at once, but it does not control how long each packet takes to reach its destination. ...