Threat Intelligence and Malware Analysis Basics

Threat intelligence helps security teams prepare for new threats. It collects data about attackers, campaigns, and techniques. Malware analysis studies how malicious software behaves, so defenses can detect it and stop it.

Threat intelligence and malware analysis work best together. Intelligence provides indicators and patterns, while analysis explains how threats operate and why they matter for your organization. Together, they turn raw data into clear actions.

Core concepts

  • Indicators of Compromise (IOCs): file hashes, domain names, IP addresses, and registry changes that signal an attack.
  • Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs): how attackers think and act.
  • Threat actors: groups or individuals across regions and industries.
  • Vulnerabilities: weaknesses that threats may exploit.

A simple workflow

  • Collect data from open feeds, internal logs, and trusted partners.
  • Normalize and enrich with context, like related IOCs or actor profiles.
  • Analyze events to map them to known techniques or discover new patterns.
  • Share concise findings with alerts, incident reports, and suggested mitigations.

A quick example An email attachment is downloaded by a user and triggers a small downloader. Static analysis reveals a compact executable with a unique hash. The hash and a suspicious domain appear in an intel feed, confirming a small campaign. Dynamic analysis in a sandbox shows the program contacts a remote server and downloads a second stage. This combined view helps security teams update rules and blocks.

Tools and safety Use reputable tools for static analysis (hash checking, strings, file headers) and dynamic analysis (sandbox testing). Reference MITRE ATT&CK maps, YARA rules, and standard IOC formats to share findings. Always work in a safe environment and avoid distributing live malware.

Wrap-up Effective threat intelligence and malware analysis protect people by turning data into action. Start with simple indicators, keep notes, and build a shared language with your security team.

Key Takeaways

  • Threat intelligence and malware analysis complement each other to improve defense.
  • A simple, repeatable workflow helps turn data into actionable insights.
  • Use vetted sources and safe analysis practices to protect systems and people.