REST vs GraphQL: Choosing the Right API Style
APIs connect a frontend app to data and services. REST and GraphQL are popular choices. REST is mature and predictable. It uses many endpoints and standard HTTP methods. GraphQL uses a single endpoint and a flexible query language. With GraphQL, clients ask for exactly the fields they want, and the server returns only those fields.
Understanding the basics
REST organizes data around resources. Each resource has a URL and a method (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE). Caching works well with HTTP, and tooling is broad. GraphQL exposes a typed schema. Clients send a query and request specific fields. The server resolves data from one or more sources and returns a shaped result.
When REST shines
Choose REST when your data maps cleanly to resources and you value clear caching. It is easy to document and version using standard HTTP patterns. REST works well with proxies, gateways, and a large ecosystem of tools.
- Simple and stable endpoints with clear cacheability
- Easy to document and version using HTTP conventions
- Strong tooling and broad service compatibility
When GraphQL shines
GraphQL helps teams with varied data needs and evolving UIs. It reduces overfetch, lets the client request only what is needed, and can speed up UI work. It requires planning for a schema, resolvers, and better tooling.
- Flexible queries for diverse UIs
- Reduces overfetch and extra requests
- A single entry point for complex data
Practical tips
Start with REST for small apps. If the UI grows and needs many data shapes, consider GraphQL or a hybrid approach. Plan for schema evolution, clear deprecation rules, and good documentation. Think about caching strategy, authentication, and security early.
Key Takeaways
- REST is great for stable resources and HTTP caching
- GraphQL fits changing UIs and dynamic data needs
- Choose based on data patterns, team skills, and performance goals