Malware analysis workflow for defenders

A clear workflow helps defense teams stay focused when dealing with suspicious software. It speeds containment, improves accuracy, and makes collaboration easier across responders and intel analysts.

Preparation

Create a safe space for analysis: a locked lab, isolated network, and validated samples. Use clean snapshots, controlled power cycles, and documented lab rules. Have a plan for data handling, evidence retention, and chain of custody. Gather the needed tools for static and dynamic analysis, memory forensics, and reporting.

Triage and intake

Start with a quick risk check. Confirm the source, reason for collection, and any user impact. Record hashes, file type, and basic metadata. If the sample is known to be benign or already analyzed, escalate with notes. This step saves time and avoids duplicating work.

Static analysis

Examine the binary without running it. Look at file headers, strings, imports, and section layout. Note any packed or obfuscated sections and any known packers. Record initial indicators like suspicious file names, unusual entropy, or embedded resources. Static findings guide the next steps and help decide if deeper analysis is warranted.

Dynamic analysis

Run the sample in a controlled sandbox and watch behavior. Observe file system changes, new processes, registry edits, and unusual service activity. Track network activity, DNS requests, and domains contacted. Keep screenshots and logs as artifacts for the incident record.

Memory and behavioral analysis

If needed, capture memory and analyze runtime artifacts. Look for modules loaded, API calls, and injected code. Memory artifacts can reveal stealth techniques and payloads that do not persist on disk.

Artifact collection and sharing

Gather IOCs: file hashes, domain/IP targets, mutexes, and timesteps. Summarize network indicators and any payload details. Prepare a concise report and share with the SOC, threat intel, and relevant stakeholders. Update runbooks and playbooks as needed.

Example scenario

Phishing leads to a packed executable. Static analysis hints at obfuscation; dynamic analysis shows a call home to a rare domain and a second-stage download. Memory dumps reveal a small loader. The team documents IOCs, blocks the C2 domain, and creates a detection rule for future alerts.

Key Takeaways

• A repeatable workflow reduces errors and speeds response.
• Isolation, documentation, and proper evidence handling are essential.
• Start with triage, then escalate to deeper analysis as needed and share findings promptly with the team.