Bus

The Fundamentals of Computer Architecture: CPU, Memory, I/O Computer architecture explains how a computer’s parts work together to run programs. Three core areas shape performance: the central processing unit (CPU), memory, and input/output (I/O). Each area has a different job, but they must communicate quickly and reliably for fast software. The CPU is the brain of the system. It fetches instructions from memory, decodes them, and executes operations. Modern CPUs use pipelines to overlap steps, multiple cores to run tasks in parallel, and caches to keep hot data close. Performance depends on clock speed, core count, and how well software uses the processor’s instruction set and data paths. ...

Middleware Patterns: Message Queues, Proxies, and Buses Middleware patterns help teams build scalable systems by decoupling components. Three common patterns are message queues, proxies, and buses. Each pattern changes how components communicate, influencing reliability, latency, and failure handling. This article explains what each pattern does, when to use it, and a simple example. Message Queues Message queues let producers send work for later processing. A queue stores tasks until a worker fetches them. This introduces resilience: if a service slows down, tasks pile up rather than blocking the whole flow. It also enables parallel work, since many workers can run at once. ...