Chip-Design

Hardware Architectures: From CPUs to GPUs Hardware shapes what we can do with a computer. Two broad families drive most choices: CPUs for general tasks, and GPUs for parallel work. CPUs are designed to be flexible and fast for many kinds of software. They feature a few powerful cores, smart cache hierarchies, and complex control logic that helps many tasks run smoothly. GPUs use many small cores grouped into parallel units and shine when a job can be split into thousands of threads, such as graphics, simulations, or neural network work. ...

Hardware Design Trends Shaping the Next Decade Chips are getting smarter and smaller. Over the next decade, hardware design will emphasize efficiency, integration, and resilience. Designers balance raw performance with energy use, thermal limits, and long-term reliability. Markets from smartphones to data centers push for longer battery life, cooler operation, and faster AI responses. Smaller nodes and energy efficiency Advanced process nodes enable more features in the same die, but power control and thermal design are as important as speed. Techniques like dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS), power gating, and near-threshold operation help stretch every watt. ...