Context-Switching

Operating System Essentials: Process Management and Scheduling Across every modern computer, programs run as processes. A process is an instance of a running program with code, data, and resources. The operating system (OS) uses a scheduler to run several processes in time slices, giving the illusion of parallel work. This design keeps the system responsive, even on a single‑core CPU. A process can contain multiple threads, which execute tasks inside the process. The OS tracks each process with a state machine: new, ready, running, waiting (blocked on I/O or events), and terminated. When a process waits for input or a resource, the CPU can switch to another ready process, so work continues without long pauses. ...

Fundamentals of Operating Systems Scheduling Revisited Scheduling is a core task of any operating system. It decides which process runs next and for how long. A good scheduler improves interactive responsiveness, keeps servers busy, and avoids long waits for background tasks. This revisit keeps the basics clear while noting practical choices for real systems. Understanding goals helps. Key measures include CPU utilization, turnaround time, waiting time, response time, and overall throughput. These goals trade off with each other. A change that helps one metric may slow another. For users, small, predictable delays beat occasional long stalls. ...

The Fundamentals of Operating System Scheduling and Multithreading Operating systems manage many tasks at once. Scheduling decides which task runs on the CPU and for how long. Multithreading lets a program run several threads at the same time. Together, scheduling and threading affect how fast programs respond and how much work a computer can do. CPU scheduling looks at several factors: how long a task needs the CPU, how urgent it is, and how much work is already done. The goal is to be fair, avoid long waits, and use the processor efficiently. In practice, the kernel divides time into slices and rotates tasks so no single task blocks others. This helps keep interactive programs responsive, from web browsers to games. ...

Process Scheduling and Memory Management Think of the operating system as a traffic manager for a computer. It must decide which program runs now and how much memory each program can keep. Two core tasks help the system work well: process scheduling and memory management. Together, they keep programs responsive and safe. Process scheduling focuses on the order and duration of CPU use. The goals are to keep the CPU busy, respond quickly to user actions, and treat programs fairly. The system watches simple ideas like how long a task waits in the ready queue and how often the CPU is idle. ...

Demystifying Operating Systems Scheduling and Memory Management Think of your computer as a busy office. The operating system (OS) acts like a manager who decides which task runs now and how memory is used. A good system feels fast and fair. When many apps are open, scheduling and memory tricks keep things smooth. Scheduling decides who uses the CPU and for how long. The OS keeps a queue of ready tasks. The short-term scheduler picks the next task to run, and a context switch happens to save the old task and start the new one. Some simple rules include: ...

Understanding Kernel Architecture and Process Scheduling The kernel is the core of any operating system. It handles hardware access, memory, and the work of running programs. How a kernel is built affects speed, reliability, and responsiveness. Kernel architecture describes how the kernel is organized. A monolithic kernel puts many services in one large block, while a microkernel keeps most services outside the kernel and calls them when needed. Hybrid designs mix ideas. The choice changes how easy it is to add features, debug, and tune performance. ...

Understanding Operating Systems Scheduling and Processes Computers run many tasks at once. The operating system uses scheduling and processes to organize work and share the CPU fairly. A process is a running program with its own memory and state. The OS keeps a process table and moves processes through states such as new, ready, running, blocked, and terminated. When a process is ready to run, it sits in the ready queue. The scheduler chooses the next process and performs a context switch, saving the old task state and loading the new one. This switch is usually fast, but it costs a small amount of time called overhead. With many processes, the overhead matters for responsiveness. The OS also tracks resources like memory and I/O devices to avoid conflicts. ...

Demystifying Operating Systems: Processes, Scheduling, and Memory Management An operating system, or OS, is the software that helps a computer run smoothly and safely for everyday tasks. It coordinates programs, hardware like the CPU and memory, and data so users can work without worrying about details. In modern systems, several tasks run at once, and the OS keeps them honest, shared, and responsive. A process is a running program with its own memory, state, and resources, while a thread is a lighter path of execution inside a process. The OS creates, pauses, and ends processes, and it switches between them to keep the machine busy without letting one block others. ...