Cpu-Scheduling

Operating System Essentials: Process Management and Scheduling Across every modern computer, programs run as processes. A process is an instance of a running program with code, data, and resources. The operating system (OS) uses a scheduler to run several processes in time slices, giving the illusion of parallel work. This design keeps the system responsive, even on a single‑core CPU. A process can contain multiple threads, which execute tasks inside the process. The OS tracks each process with a state machine: new, ready, running, waiting (blocked on I/O or events), and terminated. When a process waits for input or a resource, the CPU can switch to another ready process, so work continues without long pauses. ...

Fundamentals of Operating Systems Scheduling Revisited Scheduling is a core task of any operating system. It decides which process runs next and for how long. A good scheduler improves interactive responsiveness, keeps servers busy, and avoids long waits for background tasks. This revisit keeps the basics clear while noting practical choices for real systems. Understanding goals helps. Key measures include CPU utilization, turnaround time, waiting time, response time, and overall throughput. These goals trade off with each other. A change that helps one metric may slow another. For users, small, predictable delays beat occasional long stalls. ...

Fundamentals of Operating System Scheduling and Multitasking An operating system runs many tasks at once. Scheduling decides which task uses the CPU and for how long. Multitasking is the feeling that several apps are active at the same time, even on a single processor. Two main units help manage work: processes and threads. A process is an executing program with its own memory space. A thread is a lighter path of execution inside a process. Threads share memory, which speeds up communication but requires care to avoid conflicts. ...

A Practical Guide to Operating Systems and How They Manage Your PC An operating system (OS) is the brain of your computer. It coordinates hardware and software so you can run apps, browse the web, and create documents. Common OS families include Windows, macOS, and Linux. Each one has its own look, but they share essential tasks: managing memory, scheduling programs, handling inputs and outputs, and keeping your system secure. ...

Inside the Kernel: How Modern Operating Systems Manage Resources The kernel is the core of the operating system. It coordinates three big areas: memory, CPU time, and access to devices. It sits between applications and hardware, keeping tasks fair, safe, and predictable. By making smart decisions, the kernel helps programs run smoothly without stepping on each other. Memory management Most systems use virtual memory. Each process sees a private address space, while the kernel maps those addresses to physical memory. Page tables and the Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) speed this mapping. When memory is tight, the kernel can swap least-used pages to disk, freeing space for active work. This keeps programs isolated, so one runaway app cannot crash another by hogging RAM. ...

Process Scheduling and Memory Management Think of the operating system as a traffic manager for a computer. It must decide which program runs now and how much memory each program can keep. Two core tasks help the system work well: process scheduling and memory management. Together, they keep programs responsive and safe. Process scheduling focuses on the order and duration of CPU use. The goals are to keep the CPU busy, respond quickly to user actions, and treat programs fairly. The system watches simple ideas like how long a task waits in the ready queue and how often the CPU is idle. ...

Mastering Operating Systems: From Process Scheduling to Virtual Memory An operating system is the invisible conductor of a computer. It schedules work, protects memory, and helps programs share hardware safely. This article explains two core ideas—process scheduling and virtual memory—and why they matter in everyday use. Process scheduling decides which task runs next and for how long. The goal is to balance speed, fairness, and efficiency. On a single CPU, the scheduler uses context switching to move from one task to another. Common approaches include First-Come-First-Served, Shortest Job Next, and Round-Robin. Preemptive scheduling lets the system interrupt a running task to give time to others; non-preemptive scheduling requires a task to finish or yield. In real systems, priorities, aging, and simple fairness help prevent long waits. ...

Demystifying Operating Systems: Processes, Scheduling, and Memory An operating system (OS) is the software that runs your computer. It helps programs share the CPU, memory, and devices without clashes. Three core ideas guide every OS: processes, scheduling, and memory. Understanding them helps you see why your computer can feel fast at times and slow at others. The more you know, the easier it is to pick apps and hardware that fit your needs. ...

Operating Systems Essentials: From Process Scheduling to Kernel Architecture An operating system coordinates hardware and software. It manages running programs, shares CPU time, and protects memory. Here are two core ideas every student should know: process scheduling and kernel architecture. Process scheduling decides who runs and when. A task can be a full program or a thread. The OS keeps ready tasks in a queue and selects one to run. It preempts running tasks to keep the system responsive and fair. Goals include fairness, quick responses, and efficient CPU use. Algorithms vary, but these are common examples: ...

The Essentials of Operating Systems and Process Management An operating system (OS) is the software that runs your computer, phone, or server. It manages hardware, runs programs, and guards data from mistakes. A good OS makes tasks feel smooth, from opening a word processor to watching video. The core ideas in OS design sit in three areas: processes, memory, and input/output. Understanding these basics helps you see why programs run reliably and how a busy machine stays responsive. ...