Malware Analysis: Basics for Defenders
Malware Analysis: Basics for Defenders Malware analysis helps defenders understand threats, so they can stop them faster. It shows how malware starts, what it does on a device, and how to block it in the future. You do not need years of experience to start. A simple, repeatable process keeps teams aligned and growth steady. A simple workflow Triage and safe handling: treat every sample as risky. Use a dedicated lab, offline copies, and clear chain of custody. Never open unknown files on a live system. Static analysis: inspect the file without running it. Check the file type, metadata, strings, and packing. This gives clues about its intent and origin. Dynamic analysis: run the sample in a sandbox and watch what happens. Note file creation, registry changes, processes, and network calls. Indicators of compromise: collect hashes, domain names, IPs, file paths, mutexes, and behavior patterns. These indicators help teams detect repeats. Documentation and reproducibility: write a short report, log tools used, and preserve the sample and results. A clear trail helps responders. Response and sharing: contain the threat, notify teams, and update rules or detections. Share findings with care to avoid leaks. Tools in a small toolkit Static analysis: strings, PE headers, basic hex view, hash utilities. Dynamic analysis: sandbox environments, process monitoring, network capture. Memory and traces: memory dump viewers and timeline viewers for notable events. Quick reference: reputable threat intel sources, searchable IOC databases. Getting started safely Build a deny-by-default lab network with monitored hosts. Work with offline copies of malware and rotate samples to avoid stale analysis. Keep backups and document every action to prevent mistakes. What to document Sample hash, name, and source Analysis steps and tools used Observed behaviors and IOC list Findings and recommended defenses Key Takeaways A simple, repeatable workflow helps defenders learn and respond faster. Both static and dynamic analysis provide useful signals without risking live systems. Clear documentation and cautious handling protect the team and the network.