DNS

Communication Protocols Across the Internet and Enterprise The Internet and enterprise networks depend on a structured set of rules. Protocols are the agreed methods that devices use to talk to each other. They work in layers, from how data is addressed and moved to how applications request information and how security is kept intact. In practice you will hear about the TCP/IP stack, the web language HTTP, and the way names are found with DNS. Together, these rules keep data flowing reliably and safely. ...

Content Delivery Networks: Speeding Up Global Web Traffic Content Delivery Networks, or CDNs, place copies of your site’s files in many servers around the world. This lets the closest server answer most requests, instead of every user reaching a single data center. The result is lower latency and faster page loads for visitors, wherever they are. CDNs also help teams handle traffic spikes with less risk of outages. Edge servers cache static assets like images, stylesheets, and scripts. When a user requests a page, the CDN usually serves it from the nearest edge location. If a file isn’t cached yet, the edge fetches it from the origin once and then stores it for future requests. DNS routing helps pick the best edge site based on location and network conditions. ...

Communication Protocols Under the Hood: TCP/IP and Beyond Every time you send an email, browse a site, or stream video, a quiet map of rules guides the journey. Those rules are called protocols, and they sit at different layers of the network. The core family is TCP/IP, a set of conventions that keeps data moving from your device to a distant server and back. TCP/IP is often explained as layers. A common four-layer model helps, though real systems mix these ideas. Link, Internet, Transport, and Application. Link covers the local network and hardware addresses. Internet handles routing and IP addresses. Transport decides how data travels, choosing reliability or speed. Application hosts the actual services you use, such as HTTP for web pages or DNS for names. ...

Networking Demystified: Fundamentals You Should Know Networks connect devices and let them share information. In homes, offices, and schools you use data every day. The ideas are simple: data travels in small packets, devices follow common rules called protocols, and hardware like routers and switches guides traffic from one place to another. Key pieces to know are straightforward. Devices include computers, phones, tablets, printers, and smart devices. The physical layer uses cables or wireless signals. At the software level, two families of rules matter most: TCP/IP for internet traffic and a group called the OSI model that helps explain how data moves. In everyday terms, data is divided into packets with a destination, and each packet follows a path to reach its endpoint. ...

Communication Protocols That Shape the Internet The Internet runs on a stack of rules called protocols. Each layer has a job, from moving bits to naming devices to delivering content securely. These rules are designed to be simple, scalable, and interoperable, which is why billions of devices can work together across many networks. Foundations of Data Transfer At the base are IP and TCP. IP handles addressing and routing, delivering packets between devices. TCP adds reliability with a handshake, sequencing, and error correction so data arrives intact. ...

Content Delivery Networks for Global Apps Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) help apps reach users quickly by bringing content closer to them. For global apps, latency is a constant concern. A CDN places many servers around the world and caches copies of files like images, scripts, and videos. When a user requests a file, the CDN serves it from the nearest location, often in milliseconds, instead of traveling all the way to the origin. ...

Networking for cloud-native apps: load balancing and DNS Cloud-native apps run across many containers and nodes. A good network design uses load balancing to spread traffic and DNS to locate services. Together they protect performance and reliability. Types of load balancing: L4 load balancers operate at the transport layer, routing packets by IP and port. They are fast and simple. L7 load balancers inspect HTTP and make routing decisions based on path, headers, or query strings. External vs internal: ...

Communication Protocols That Power the Internet Every time you click a link or send a message, a quiet set of rules coordinates the data. These rules are called communication protocols. They define how information is packaged, sent, addressed, and checked for errors. They also help different devices speak the same language, so a phone can load a page just as well as a laptop. Most of the internet rests on the TCP/IP family. Think of TCP as a careful courier who ensures every piece of data arrives intact and in the correct order. IP is the address system that moves those packets from one device to another. Each packet carries a small header with source and destination, plus numbers that help the receiving end reassemble the message. ...

Networking Fundamentals for Problem Solvers Networks connect people and systems, and good problem solving starts with a simple map of how data travels. Think in layers: devices talk to each other, packets move through links, and rules govern the flow. When you can describe the path a message should take, you can spot where it goes wrong. Understanding the basics Networks are built from three parts: devices, links, and rules. A router moves packets toward their destination, while a switch keeps local traffic fast inside a network. Important ideas include IP addresses (IPv4 or IPv6), subnet masks, and a default gateway. The Domain Name System converts friendly names to numbers, and DHCP can assign addresses automatically. ...

Content Delivery Networks: Speed and Availability Worldwide A Content Delivery Network (CDN) is a global system of servers that store copies of your website content. When a user loads your page, the CDN tries to serve that content from a location near them. This shortens the distance the data must travel and reduces delay, so pages load faster even for visitors far from your origin server. How it works: edge servers cache files such as images, styles, and scripts. When a user requests a file, the edge server serves a nearby copy. If the content changes, you can purge or update the cache from the origin. Intelligent routing, based on the user’s location, selects the best edge node, and some providers offer dynamic content acceleration for API calls and personalized pages. ...