Handshake

Communication Protocols Explained Communication protocols are the rules that govern how devices talk to each other. They define the data format, when messages are sent, how errors are detected, and how conversations start and end. Without them, a simple chat or file transfer would be garbled and unreliable. Protocols help systems work together across different hardware, networks, and software. Most systems use a layered approach. The physical layer handles the actual signals, the transport layer makes sure data moves reliably, and the application layer defines the actions you want to perform. This separation lets engineers swap parts, test ideas, and fix problems without rebuilding everything. Understanding layers helps you see why a change in one area rarely breaks the whole system. ...