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Operating System Scheduling and Resource Management An operating system must decide which tasks get to use the processor and other core resources, and when. Scheduling and resource management shape how fast programs respond, how much work the system can finish, and how fairly tasks share hardware. A good balance keeps interactive apps snappy while letting batch jobs finish on time. CPU scheduling picks the next task and its time slice. Simple schemes exist, but real systems mix strategies to fit the workload. ...

Hardware Fundamentals for Software Engineers Hardware fundamentals help software engineers write faster, cheaper, and more reliable programs. A modern computer has three main layers you touch most: the CPU, memory, and storage. Understanding how they trade speed for power helps you optimize code, choose good data structures, and plan deployments. CPU and memory hierarchy The CPU runs instructions. Its speed comes from cores, clocks, and cache. Cache (L1, L2, L3) is the fast memory closest to the core. More cache reduces trips to main memory, which can be slow. Memory bandwidth and latency matter: if the processor spends time waiting for data, overall performance drops. ...

Inside the Kernel: How Modern Operating Systems Manage Resources The kernel is the central manager of a computer. It decides who gets time on the processor, who gets memory, and how input and output move between programs and devices. This work happens in a protected space, so user programs cannot harm the system. The kernel speaks with hardware or with nearby software layers, and it keeps everything running smoothly even when many tasks compete for attention. ...