Internet Protocols and How They Power Connectivity
Internet Protocols and How They Power Connectivity Connectivity means devices talk with rules. Protocols are those rules. They decide how data is packaged, addressed, sent, and read. Data moves in packets. The core idea is packet switching: small pieces travel via different paths and rejoin at the end. The internet rests on a stack of protocols. The core is the TCP/IP family. It has layers: Link: the local network (Ethernet, Wi‑Fi) Internet: IP addresses, routing, and packets Transport: TCP and UDP, moving data between apps Application: HTTP, HTTPS, email, and more IP addresses act like doors for devices. IPv4 uses 32‑bit numbers; IPv6 uses 128‑bit numbers to give more addresses. Routers forward packets toward the destination by using IP addresses. DNS translates a friendly name, like example.com, into an IP address. ...