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Communication Protocols in IoT In IoT, devices must talk to each other and to the cloud. The protocol stack shapes power use, latency, and reliability. Small sensors rely on light payloads, simple handshakes, and secure channels. Understanding common options helps you design a stable and scalable system. Application layer options include MQTT, CoAP, and HTTP. MQTT uses a publish/subscribe model with a small header. It works well over unstable networks and supports three QoS levels. CoAP is a RESTful protocol built for constrained devices and runs over UDP. It is efficient and supports observation, so clients can receive updates without polling. HTTP remains common because it is familiar, but it can add more overhead on tiny devices. For many IoT projects, combining MQTT or CoAP at the device level with a gateway simplifies management. ...

Communication Protocols for the Internet of Things The Internet of Things connects many devices with limited power and memory. Choosing the right protocol is essential for reliability, speed, and battery life. Two layers matter most: transport and application. The transport layer moves data between devices and gateways, while the application layer defines how information is packaged, addressed, and understood. Common options MQTT: A lightweight publish/subscribe protocol that runs over TCP. It uses a broker to route messages and supports different Quality of Service levels. It is popular in home automation and small sensors because it uses little bandwidth and stays simple. ...