Loss-Functions

Deep Learning Fundamentals for Coders Deep learning can feel large, but coders can grasp the basics with a few clear ideas. Start with data, a model that makes predictions, and a loop that teaches the model to improve. This article lays out the essentials in plain language and with practical guidance you can apply in real projects. Core ideas Tensors are the data you feed the model. They carry numbers in the right shape. A computational graph links operations so you can track how numbers change. The forward pass makes predictions; the backward pass computes gradients that guide learning. The training loop Prepare a dataset and split it into training and validation sets. Run a forward pass to get predictions and measure loss (how far off you are). Use backpropagation to compute gradients of the loss with respect to model parameters. Update parameters with an optimizer, often using gradient descent ideas. Check performance on the validation set and adjust choices like learning rate or model size. Data and models Data quality matters more than fancy architecture. Clean, labeled data with consistent formatting helps a lot. Start with a simple model (for example, a small multi-layer perceptron) and grow complexity only as needed. Be mindful of input shapes, normalization, and batch sizes; these affect stability and speed. Practical steps for coders Choose a framework you know (PyTorch or TensorFlow) and build a tiny model on a toy dataset. Verify gradients flow: a small, synthetic task makes it easy to see if parameters update. Monitor both training and validation loss to detect overfitting early. Try regularization techniques like early stopping, weight decay, or dropout as needed. Keep experiments reproducible: fix seeds, document hyperparameters, and log results. A quick mental model Think of learning as shaping a landscape of error. The model adjusts its knobs to create a smoother valley where predictions align with truth. The goal is not perfect lines on a chart but reliable, generalizable performance on new data. ...

Deep Learning from First Principles Deep learning often feels like magic, but at its core it is a simple problem: learn a function from examples by minimizing error. If you start from the basics, you can see why models learn, where mistakes come from, and how to improve them without chasing every new trick. Understanding the objective In supervised learning, we choose a loss that measures how far the model’s predictions are from reality. The goal is to minimize the expected loss over the data you care about. In practice we estimate it with our dataset. Common choices include mean squared error for numbers and cross-entropy for categories. The exact function matters less than the idea: push predictions toward true values. ...