Osi-Model

Networking Fundamentals: From LANs to the Internet Networks connect devices to share files, printers, and online services. A home network starts with a few pieces: a modem from your provider, a router, and devices like laptops or phones. Understanding how these parts fit together helps you troubleshoot, improve speed, and keep things secure. Two basic concepts are useful: LANs and WANs. A LAN covers a small area, such as a home or office, while a WAN links multiple LANs over longer distances. The Internet is the largest WAN, a global network of networks that carries traffic through many routes. ...

Networking Protocols You Should Know Networks run on a shared language. Protocols define how data is formatted, how conversations start and end, and how errors are handled. A simple way to picture it is a stack: from raw bits to a full web page. The TCP/IP model is the backbone most of us use, but other protocols still shape day-to-day tasks. Knowing a few basics helps you diagnose issues, choose the right tool, and keep things secure. ...

Networking Essentials: Protocols, IPs, and Secure Communication Networks move data between devices by following simple rules. Those rules are called protocols. The most visible part is how your device asks for a web page and gets the answer. Behind the scenes, IP addresses identify devices, routers forward packets, and security keeps information from being read by others. Understanding Protocols TCP and UDP decide how data travels. TCP focuses on reliability, retrying lost packets. UDP is faster and lighter, good for streaming. HTTP and HTTPS are the rules for web traffic. HTTPS adds encryption so pages arrive private. DNS translates human names into numbers. It helps you reach a site without typing a long address. Email uses SMTP, while IMAP/POP fetch messages. Together they move data between servers and devices. A quick look at IPs ...

Communication Protocols: The Heartbeat of Networks Protocols are the rules that govern how devices talk to each other. They decide how to start a chat, what counts as a complete message, how to confirm receipt, and how to recover if something goes wrong. In practice, each protocol sits in a layer, from physical signals to application data, and together they create reliable paths for information to move around the world. ...