Perception

Computer Vision and Speech Processing: Perception for Machines Machines sense the world through data streams from cameras, microphones, and sensors. Computer vision helps a computer read images and videos, finding objects, scenes, and movement. Speech processing turns sound into words, meanings, and feelings. When these two streams work together, a system can understand events the way people do, using both what they see and what they hear. How perception works in practice varies by task. In vision, researchers use neural networks that learn from large image collections. Convolutional layers detect simple edges, then shapes, and finally whole objects. More recently, transformers help the model focus on important parts of a scene. Tasks like object detection, segmentation, and tracking produce labels and boundaries that guide applications from safety to accessibility. ...

Data Visualization: Communicating Insights Effectively Clear visuals turn data into understanding. They reduce cognitive load, help readers spot patterns, and support decisions. A strong chart is honest, uncluttered, and tailored to the audience. When a graphic fits the question, it saves time and builds trust. Begin with a question and a metric. If you want to show how sales change through the year, a line chart is often best. To compare categories, a bar chart is usually easiest to read. For relationships, a scatter plot can reveal clusters and outliers. Proportions can work with stacked bars, but pie charts are best kept simple. ...