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Networking 101: Protocols, Topologies, and Troubleshooting Networks let devices talk and share data. This guide covers the basics you meet every day: common protocols, how networks are laid out, and simple ways to fix problems. You don’t need to be a tech expert to get a solid understanding that helps at home or in a small office. Understanding common protocols helps you read what happens on a network. TCP/IP is the backbone, breaking data into packets and making sure they arrive correctly. HTTP and HTTPS move web pages, while DNS acts like a phone book for domain names. DHCP assigns IP addresses to devices automatically, so you don’t type long numbers every time. ARP links IP addresses to physical hardware on a local network, and ICMP checks that paths work by returning small messages. Together, these ideas let devices connect and services work smoothly. ...