Supercomputing

Hardware Architecture for High Performance Computing High performance computing (HPC) loads demand fast processors, generous memory, and high bandwidth networks. The hardware architecture sets the ceiling for how quickly simulations run and how well software scales across thousands of cores. Key building blocks include: CPUs with many cores, large caches, and good single‑thread performance GPUs or other accelerators to handle massive parallel work fast memory options, from DDR4/5 to high‑bandwidth memory (HBM) on accelerators high‑speed interconnects and a scalable network topology robust storage and parallel file systems to feed data Memory hierarchy matters. Cache levels reduce latency, while NUMA domains require careful memory placement. On GPUs, HBM provides enormous bandwidth, but data movement between host and device still matters for performance. ...

High-Performance Computing for Scientific Discovery High-performance computing (HPC) lets scientists test ideas at a scale no single workstation can match. By combining thousands of cores, fast memory, and powerful accelerators, HPC turns detailed models into practical tools. Researchers can run many simulations, analyze vast data sets, and explore new theories in less time. A modern HPC system merges CPUs, GPUs, large memory, and fast interconnects. The software stack includes job schedulers to manage work, parallel programming models such as MPI and OpenMP, and GPU libraries for acceleration (CUDA, HIP, OpenCL). The result is a flexible platform where units of work can scale from a laptop to a national facility. ...