Sysadmin

Performance Tuning in Operating Systems Performance tuning in an operating system means adjusting settings so the system uses hardware more efficiently. The goal is faster, smoother responses and predictable behavior under load. Start by identifying your workload: a database, a web front end, or a batch job will need different tuning choices. Measure first. Collect data over typical days and during peak periods. Useful tools include top or htop for CPU load, iostat or vmstat for I/O and memory, sar for trends, and perf to inspect CPU events. Look for high I/O wait, memory pressure, or frequent context switches. Your measurements guide the changes, not guesswork. ...

Web Servers: Performance Tuning and Modern Configuration Web servers power websites and apps we use every day. A fast, well configured server saves time, bandwidth, and dollars. Tuning is not a magic trick; it is a repeatable process based on measurement, testing, and steady adjustments. Understand your load What you measure matters. Look at requests per second, p95 and p99 latency, and error rate. Notice traffic patterns: steady load or sudden spikes. Gather data from logs and dashboards so you can set realistic goals. With a clear baseline, you can gauge if changes help. ...

Mastering Virtualization and Containers Virtualization and containers are essential tools for modern IT. Virtual machines provide strong isolation by emulating hardware, while containers package apps with their dependencies in lightweight units. The choice depends on workload, scale, and control. A quick comparison helps. VMs run a full operating system per instance, which works well for legacy apps, diverse stacks, and strict security boundaries. Containers share the host kernel, start in seconds, and scale out easily for microservices. In practice, many teams use a mix: VMs host containerized services or run legacy software inside VMs while newer services run in containers. ...