System-Performance

Operating System Essentials: Process Management and Scheduling Across every modern computer, programs run as processes. A process is an instance of a running program with code, data, and resources. The operating system (OS) uses a scheduler to run several processes in time slices, giving the illusion of parallel work. This design keeps the system responsive, even on a single‑core CPU. A process can contain multiple threads, which execute tasks inside the process. The OS tracks each process with a state machine: new, ready, running, waiting (blocked on I/O or events), and terminated. When a process waits for input or a resource, the CPU can switch to another ready process, so work continues without long pauses. ...

A Practical Guide to Operating Systems and How They Manage Your PC An operating system (OS) is the brain of your computer. It coordinates hardware and software so you can run apps, browse the web, and create documents. Common OS families include Windows, macOS, and Linux. Each one has its own look, but they share essential tasks: managing memory, scheduling programs, handling inputs and outputs, and keeping your system secure. ...

Mastering Operating Systems: From Process Scheduling to Virtual Memory An operating system is the invisible conductor of a computer. It schedules work, protects memory, and helps programs share hardware safely. This article explains two core ideas—process scheduling and virtual memory—and why they matter in everyday use. Process scheduling decides which task runs next and for how long. The goal is to balance speed, fairness, and efficiency. On a single CPU, the scheduler uses context switching to move from one task to another. Common approaches include First-Come-First-Served, Shortest Job Next, and Round-Robin. Preemptive scheduling lets the system interrupt a running task to give time to others; non-preemptive scheduling requires a task to finish or yield. In real systems, priorities, aging, and simple fairness help prevent long waits. ...

Demystifying Operating Systems for Everyday Use An operating system (OS) is the main software that runs your computer or phone. It sits between you and the hardware, helping programs do their job. Without an OS, you would have to control every device by hand. The OS makes the screen respond, stores your files, and lets apps talk to your keyboard, mouse, and speakers. What the OS does for you Manages hardware resources like the processor, memory, and storage. Starts and pauses programs, switches between tasks, and keeps things organized. Protects your data, connects devices, and provides a simple, friendly interface. This setup matters every day. When you open a browser, write a note, or print a document, the OS handles the behind‑the‑scenes work. It also runs updates, keeps apps compatible, and guides you through settings for privacy and security. ...