SystemDesign

Kernel Architecture and System Design for Beginners Understanding kernel architecture helps you see why a computer feels fast or slow. The kernel sits between hardware and user programs. It manages memory, schedules tasks, handles devices, and enforces rules that keep the system stable. A kernel is not a single program. It is a collection of parts that work together. It exposes clean interfaces to user space, while keeping hardware access controlled and predictable. This separation makes software easier to write and safer to run. ...

APIs and Middleware: Building Connected Systems APIs and middleware are the glue of modern software. An API exposes capabilities to apps, partners, and internal teams. Middleware sits between services to route requests, add security, and improve reliability. Together they enable systems to communicate, scale, and evolve without breaking each other. APIs come in different flavors. RESTful APIs use simple HTTP methods to work with resources. GraphQL lets clients ask for exactly what they need. Both can be synchronous, answering quickly, or asynchronous when you want to decouple producers from consumers. A well designed API is easy to understand, versioned, and documented. ...