Threading

A Practical Guide to Operating Systems Fundamentals An operating system (OS) is the software that manages a computer’s resources and provides services for programs. It keeps the hardware busy and safe, so apps run smoothly. A good OS protects memory, schedules work, stores files, and talks to devices like keyboards and disks. Differences exist between Windows, macOS, Linux, or mobile systems, but the core ideas stay the same. Core roles of an OS Manage CPU time so many programs can run without stepping on each other. Control memory, so one app does not crash another. Handle files and devices, from reading a file to printing a page. Processes and memory management A program runs as a process. Each has its own memory space, state, and resources. The OS uses virtual memory to give each process the feeling of a private memory, even if the physical RAM is shared. The memory manager maps virtual pages to physical frames, and it can swap pages to disk when needed. This keeps programs isolated and responsive. ...

Understanding Operating System Fundamentals for Developers For software developers, understanding how the operating system works helps your code run faster and more reliably. The OS manages hardware resources, memory, and tasks, so your program can focus on its logic. A small change in how you use resources can improve performance and stability. Core ideas for developers Process and threads A program runs as a process, with its own space and resources. A thread is a path of execution inside that process. Several threads share memory, which speeds up communication but can cause data races if not handled carefully. ...