VLSI

Hardware Design Trends Shaping the Next Decade Chips are getting smarter and smaller. Over the next decade, hardware design will emphasize efficiency, integration, and resilience. Designers balance raw performance with energy use, thermal limits, and long-term reliability. Markets from smartphones to data centers push for longer battery life, cooler operation, and faster AI responses. Smaller nodes and energy efficiency Advanced process nodes enable more features in the same die, but power control and thermal design are as important as speed. Techniques like dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS), power gating, and near-threshold operation help stretch every watt. ...